Class 6,7,8,9,10, 11, 12 (Both U.P &CBSE Board) Narration (Direct & Indirect) Class - Second Day. (Assertive sentence)
Class 6,7,8,9,10, 11, 12
(Both U.P &CBSE Board)
Narration
(Direct & Indirect)
Class - Second Day.
(Assertive sentence)
इनका अध्ययन हम तीन स्वरूपों में करतें हैं-
1:-Tenses में परिवर्तन सम्बधी नियम (Rules for the Change of Tenses ) :-
Rule-1-
यदि Reporting Verb, Present (वर्तमान) अथवा Future (भविष्य) Tense में हो तो Reported Speech के verb के Tense में किसी प्रकार का परिवर्तन नहीं करते हैं
Example-
Direct- Ram says, " Lata is reading a book. "
Indirect - Ram says that Lata is reading a book.
Note-1-
Direct- से Indirect मे बदलते समय Assertive Sentences मे Comma & Inverted comma को हटाकर Connective word, that का प्रयोग करते हैं।
Example:-
Direct - He has said to me." Ram will join the camp."
Indirect - He has told me that Ram will join the camp.
Note-2-
Say, says या said को Indirect Speech में tell, tells, told में उस समय बदलतें हैं, जब इसके बाद object (कर्म हो) .
say - tell
Says - tells
said- told
Rules 2:-
यदि Reporting Verb, past tense me ho to Reported Speech के tense में निम्न Prakar se परिवर्तन होता है।
Rules:-
1. Present Indefinite Tense बदल जाता
है - Past indefinite tense me-
Example:
Direct:- Lata said," Ram tells a lie.
Indirect :- Lata said that Ram told a lie.
2) Present Continuous tense बदल जाता है. Past Continuous Tense me
Example
Direct:- Garima said to me." Lata is writing a book."
Indirect :- Garima told me that Lata was writing a book.
(3)- Present Perfect tense बदल जाता है Past Perfect tense me
Example:-
Direct :- Sophia said," Lophia has completed her work."
Indirect:- Sophia said that Lophia had
Completed her work.
(4) - Present Perfect Continuous tense बदल जाता है- Past Perfect Continuous tense me
Example:
Direct :- Lophia said," It has been raining for two hours."
Indirect :- Lophia said that it had been raining for two hours.
(5) Past Indefinite tense बदल जाता है-
Past Perfect tense me
Example:-
Direct:- He said." Ram died in the night."
Indirect :- He said that Ram had died in the night.
(6) Past Continuous Tense बदल जाता है- Perfect Continuous Tense me
Example :-
Direct :- He said to me," They were learning their Lessons."
Indirect :- He told me that they had been learning their lessons.
7) Past Perfect Tense & Past Perfect Continuous Tense में कोई परिवर्तन नही होता है।
Example:-
Direct:- He said." Shyam had won the match.".
Indirect:- He said that Shyam had won the match.
Direct :- She said," Lata had been reading for two hours."
Indirect :- She said that Asha had been reading for two hours.
8) Future tense में केवल shall का should मे
aur will ko would मे बदल देते है-
Shall - Should
Will - Would.
Example -
Direct :- - Ram said." He will play." Indirect :- Ram said that he would play.
Direct: Lata said," I shall play."
Indirect - Lata said that she would play.
Direct- I said," I shall play.”
Indirect :-I said that I should play.
Modal
यदि Modal का प्रयोग हुआ हो तो -
Can को could में
May को Might में
Shall-को- should में
Will को - Would में बदल देते है तथा
बाकी अन्य में कोई परिवर्तन नही करते है-
must, ought, could, would, might,
had better , used to -----No change
Example,
Direct - I said, " I can Jump into the river. "
Indirect:- I said that I could jump into the river.
Direct- He said, I must go."
Indirect:- He said that he must go..
Direct - I said," My teacher used to take class regularly."
Indirect :- I said that my teachers used to take class regularly.
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